startup-metrics-framework — Автоматизированный анализ ключевых показателей стартапа

--- name: startup-metrics-framework description: Track, calculate, and optimize key performance metrics for SaaS, marketplace, consumer, and B2B startups from seed through Series A, including unit economics, growth efficiency, and cash management. Use this skill when defining a metrics framework, calculating CAC/LTV/burn multiple, benchmarking business health, or preparing metrics dashboards for investors or board reporting. version: 1.0.0 --- # Startup Metrics Framework Comprehensive guide to tracking, calculating, and optimizing key performance metrics for different startup business models from seed through Series A. ## Overview Track the right metrics at the right stage. Focus on unit economics, growth efficiency, and cash management metrics that matter for fundraising and operational excellence. ## Universal Startup Metrics ### Revenue Metrics **MRR (Monthly Recurring Revenue)** ``` MRR = Σ (Active Subscriptions × Monthly Price) ``` **ARR (Annual Recurring Revenue)** ``` ARR = MRR × 12 ``` **Growth Rate** ``` MoM Growth = (This Month MRR - Last Month MRR) / Last Month MRR YoY Growth = (This Year ARR - Last Year ARR) / Last Year ARR ``` **Target Benchmarks:** - Seed stage: 15-20% MoM growth - Series A: 10-15% MoM growth, 3-5x YoY - Series B+: 100%+ YoY (Rule of 40) ### Unit Economics **CAC (Customer Acquisition Cost)** ``` CAC = Total S&M Spend / New Customers Acquired ``` Include: Sales salaries, marketing spend, tools, overhead **LTV (Lifetime Value)** ``` LTV = ARPU × Gross Margin% × (1 / Churn Rate) ``` Simplified: ``` LTV = ARPU × Average Customer Lifetime × Gross Margin% ``` **LTV:CAC Ratio** ``` LTV:CAC = LTV / CAC ``` **Benchmarks:** - LTV:CAC > 3.0 = Healthy - LTV:CAC 1.0-3.0 = Needs improvement - LTV:CAC < 1.0 = Unsustainable **CAC Payback Period** ``` CAC Payback = CAC / (ARPU × Gross Margin%) ``` **Benchmarks:** - < 12 months = Excellent - 12-18 months = Good - > 24 months = Concerning ### Cash Efficiency Metrics **Burn Rate** ``` Monthly Burn = Monthly Revenue - Monthly Expenses ``` Negative burn = losing money (typical early-stage) **Runway** ``` Runway (months) = Cash Balance / Monthly Burn Rate ``` **Target:** Always maintain 12-18 months runway **Burn Multiple** ``` Burn Multiple = Net Burn / Net New ARR ``` **Benchmarks:** - < 1.0 = Exceptional efficiency - 1.0-1.5 = Good - 1.5-2.0 = Acceptable - > 2.0 = Inefficient Lower is better (spending less to generate ARR) ## SaaS Metrics ### Revenue Composition **New MRR** New customers × ARPU **Expansion MRR** Upsells and cross-sells from existing customers **Contraction MRR** Downgrades from existing customers **Churned MRR** Lost customers **Net New MRR Formula:** ``` Net New MRR = New MRR + Expansion MRR - Contraction MRR - Churned MRR ``` ### Retention Metrics **Logo Retention** ``` Logo Retention = (Customers End - New Customers) / Customers Start ``` **Dollar Retention (NDR - Net Dollar Retention)** ``` NDR = (ARR Start + Expansion - Contraction - Churn) / ARR Start ``` **Benchmarks:** - NDR > 120% = Best-in-class - NDR 100-120% = Good - NDR < 100% = Needs work **Gross Retention** ``` Gross Retention = (ARR Start - Churn - Contraction) / ARR Start ``` **Benchmarks:** - > 90% = Excellent - 85-90% = Good - < 85% = Concerning ### SaaS-Specific Metrics **Magic Number** ``` Magic Number = Net New ARR (quarter) / S&M Spend (prior quarter) ``` **Benchmarks:** - > 0.75 = Efficient, ready to scale - 0.5-0.75 = Moderate efficiency - < 0.5 = Inefficient, don't scale yet **Rule of 40** ``` Rule of 40 = Revenue Growth Rate% + Profit Margin% ``` **Benchmarks:** - > 40% = Excellent - 20-40% = Acceptable - < 20% = Needs improvement **Example:** 50% growth + (10%) margin = 40% ✓ **Quick Ratio** ``` Quick Ratio = (New MRR + Expansion MRR) / (Churned MRR + Contraction MRR) ``` **Benchmarks:** - > 4.0 = Healthy growth - 2.0-4.0 = Moderate - < 2.0 = Churn problem ## Marketplace Metrics ### GMV (Gross Merchandise Value) **Total Transaction Volume:** ``` GMV = Σ (Transaction Value) ``` **Growth Rate:** ``` GMV Growth Rate = (Current Period GMV - Prior Period GMV) / Prior Period GMV ``` **Target:** 20%+ MoM early-stage ### Take Rate ``` Take Rate = Net Revenue / GMV ``` **Typical Ranges:** - Payment processors: 2-3% - E-commerce marketplaces: 10-20% - Service marketplaces: 15-25% - High-value B2B: 5-15% ### Marketplace Liquidity **Time to Transaction** How long from listing to sale/match? **Fill Rate** % of requests that result in transaction **Repeat Rate** % of users who transact multiple times **Benchmarks:** - Fill rate > 80% = Strong liquidity - Repeat rate > 60% = Strong retention ### Marketplace Balance **Supply/Demand Ratio:** Track relative growth of supply and demand sides. **Warning Signs:** - Too much supply: Low fill rates, frustrated suppliers - Too much demand: Long wait times, frustrated customers **Goal:** Balanced growth (1:1 ratio ideal, but varies by model) ## Consumer/Mobile Metrics ### Engagement Metrics **DAU (Daily Active Users)** Unique users active each day **MAU (Monthly Active Users)** Unique users active each month **DAU/MAU Ratio** ``` DAU/MAU = DAU / MAU ``` **Benchmarks:** - > 50% = Exceptional (daily habit) - 20-50% = Good - < 20% = Weak engagement **Session Frequency** Average sessions per user per day/week **Session Duration** Average time spent per session ### Retention Curves **Day 1 Retention:** % users who return next day **Day 7 Retention:** % users active 7 days after signup **Day 30 Retention:** % users active 30 days after signup **Benchmarks (Day 30):** - > 40% = Excellent - 25-40% = Good - < 25% = Weak **Retention Curve Shape:** - Flattening curve = good (users becoming habitual) - Steep decline = poor product-market fit ### Viral Coefficient (K-Factor) ``` K-Factor = Invites per User × Invite Conversion Rate ``` **Example:** 10 invites/user × 20% conversion = 2.0 K-factor **Benchmarks:** - K > 1.0 = Viral growth - K = 0.5-1.0 = Strong referrals - K < 0.5 = Weak virality ## B2B Metrics ### Sales Efficiency **Win Rate** ``` Win Rate = Deals Won / Total Opportunities ``` **Target:** 20-30% for new sales team, 30-40% mature **Sales Cycle Length** Average days from opportunity to close **Shorter is better:** - SMB: 30-60 days - Mid-market: 60-120 days - Enterprise: 120-270 days **Average Contract Value (ACV)** ``` ACV = Total Contract Value / Contract Length (years) ``` ### Pipeline Metrics **Pipeline Coverage** ``` Pipeline Coverage = Total Pipeline Value / Quota ``` **Target:** 3-5x coverage (3-5x pipeline needed to hit quota) **Conversion Rates by Stage:** - Lead → Opportunity: 10-20% - Opportunity → Demo: 50-70% - Demo → Proposal: 30-50% - Proposal → Close: 20-40% ## Metrics by Stage ### Pre-Seed (Product-Market Fit) **Focus Metrics:** 1. Active users growth 2. User retention (Day 7, Day 30) 3. Core engagement (sessions, features used) 4. Qualitative feedback (NPS, interviews) **Don't worry about:** - Revenue (may be zero) - CAC (not optimizing yet) - Unit economics ### Seed ($500K-$2M ARR) **Focus Metrics:** 1. MRR growth rate (15-20% MoM) 2. CAC and LTV (establish baseline) 3. Gross retention (> 85%) 4. Core product engagement **Start tracking:** - Sales efficiency - Burn rate and runway ### Series A ($2M-$10M ARR) **Focus Metrics:** 1. ARR growth (3-5x YoY) 2. Unit economics (LTV:CAC > 3, payback < 18 months) 3. Net dollar retention (> 100%) 4. Burn multiple (< 2.0) 5. Magic number (> 0.5) **Mature tracking:** - Rule of 40 - Sales efficiency - Pipeline coverage ## Metric Tracking Best Practices ### Data Infrastructure **Requirements:** - Single source of truth (analytics platform) - Real-time or daily updates - Automated calculations - Historical tracking **Tools:** - Mixpanel, Amplitude (product analytics) - ChartMogul, Baremetrics (SaaS metrics) - Looker, Tableau (BI dashboards) ### Reporting Cadence **Daily:** - MRR, active users - Sign-ups, conversions **Weekly:** - Growth rates - Retention cohorts - Sales pipeline **Monthly:** - Full metric suite - Board reporting - Investor updates **Quarterly:** - Trend analysis - Benchmarking - Strategy review ### Common Mistakes **Mistake 1: Vanity Metrics** Don't focus on: - Total users (without retention) - Page views (without engagement) - Downloads (without activation) Focus on actionable metrics tied to value. **Mistake 2: Too Many Metrics** Track 5-7 core metrics intensely, not 50 loosely. **Mistake 3: Ignoring Unit Economics** CAC and LTV are critical even at seed stage. **Mistake 4: Not Segmenting** Break down metrics by customer segment, channel, cohort. **Mistake 5: Gaming Metrics** Optimize for real business outcomes, not dashboard numbers. ## Investor Metrics ### What VCs Want to See **Seed Round:** - MRR growth rate - User retention - Early unit economics - Product engagement **Series A:** - ARR and growth rate - CAC payback < 18 months - LTV:CAC > 3.0 - Net dollar retention > 100% - Burn multiple < 2.0 **Series B+:** - Rule of 40 > 40% - Efficient growth (magic number) - Path to profitability - Market leadership metrics ### Metric Presentation **Dashboard Format:** ``` Current MRR: $250K (↑ 18% MoM) ARR: $3.0M (↑ 280% YoY) CAC: $1,200 | LTV: $4,800 | LTV:CAC = 4.0x NDR: 112% | Logo Retention: 92% Burn: $180K/mo | Runway: 18 months ``` **Include:** - Current value - Growth rate or trend - Context (target, benchmark) ## Quick Start To implement startup metrics framework: 1. **Identify business model** - SaaS, marketplace, consumer, B2B 2. **Choose 5-7 core metrics** - Based on stage and model 3. **Establish tracking** - Set up analytics and dashboards 4. **Calculate unit economics** - CAC, LTV, payback 5. **Set targets** - Use benchmarks for goals 6. **Review regularly** - Weekly for core metrics 7. **Share with team** - Align on goals and progress 8. **Update investors** - Monthly/quarterly reporting