flutter-dev — Практическое руководство по Flutter-разработке приложений

--- name: flutter-dev description: | Flutter cross-platform development guide covering widget patterns, Riverpod/Bloc state management, GoRouter navigation, performance optimization, and platform-specific implementations. Includes const optimization, responsive layouts, testing strategies, and DevTools profiling. Use when: building Flutter apps, implementing state management (Riverpod/Bloc), setting up GoRouter navigation, creating custom widgets, optimizing performance, writing widget tests, cross-platform development. license: MIT metadata: version: "1.0.0" category: mobile sources: - Flutter Documentation - Riverpod Documentation - Bloc Library Documentation --- # Flutter Development Guide A practical guide for building cross-platform applications with Flutter 3 and Dart. Focuses on proven patterns, state management, and performance optimization. ## Quick Reference ### Widget Patterns | Purpose | Component | |---------|-----------| | State management (simple) | `StateProvider` + `ConsumerWidget` | | State management (complex) | `NotifierProvider` / `Bloc` | | Async data | `FutureProvider` / `AsyncNotifierProvider` | | Real-time streams | `StreamProvider` | | Navigation | `GoRouter` + `context.go/push` | | Responsive layout | `LayoutBuilder` + breakpoints | | List display | `ListView.builder` | | Complex scrolling | `CustomScrollView` + Slivers | | Hooks | `HookWidget` + `useState/useEffect` | | Forms | `Form` + `TextFormField` + validation | ### Performance Patterns | Purpose | Solution | |---------|----------| | Prevent rebuilds | `const` constructors | | Selective updates | `ref.watch(provider.select(...))` | | Isolate repaints | `RepaintBoundary` | | Lazy lists | `ListView.builder` | | Heavy computation | `compute()` isolate | | Image caching | `cached_network_image` | ## Core Principles ### Widget Optimization - Use `const` constructors wherever possible - Extract static widgets to separate const classes - Use `Key` for list items (ValueKey, ObjectKey) - Prefer `ConsumerWidget` over `StatefulWidget` for state ### State Management - Riverpod for dependency injection and simple state - Bloc/Cubit for event-driven workflows and complex logic - Never mutate state directly (create new instances) - Use `select()` to minimize rebuilds ### Layout - 8pt spacing increments (8, 16, 24, 32, 48) - Responsive breakpoints: mobile (<650), tablet (650-1100), desktop (>1100) - Support all screen sizes with flexible layouts - Follow Material 3 / Cupertino design guidelines ### Performance - Profile with DevTools before optimizing - Target <16ms frame time for 60fps - Use `RepaintBoundary` for complex animations - Offload heavy work with `compute()` ## Checklist ### Widget Best Practices - [ ] `const` constructors on all static widgets - [ ] Proper `Key` on list items - [ ] `ConsumerWidget` for state-dependent widgets - [ ] No widget building inside `build()` method - [ ] Extract reusable widgets to separate files ### State Management - [ ] Immutable state objects - [ ] `select()` for granular rebuilds - [ ] Proper provider scoping - [ ] Dispose controllers and subscriptions - [ ] Handle loading/error states ### Navigation - [ ] GoRouter with typed routes - [ ] Auth guards via redirect - [ ] Deep linking support - [ ] State preservation across routes ### Performance - [ ] Profile mode testing (`flutter run --profile`) - [ ] <16ms frame rendering time - [ ] No unnecessary rebuilds (DevTools check) - [ ] Images cached and resized - [ ] Heavy computation in isolates ### Testing - [ ] Widget tests for UI components - [ ] Unit tests for business logic - [ ] Integration tests for user flows - [ ] Bloc tests with `blocTest()` ## References | Topic | Reference | |-------|-----------| | Widget patterns, const optimization, responsive layout | [Widget Patterns](references/widget-patterns.md) | | Riverpod providers, notifiers, async state | [Riverpod State Management](references/riverpod-state.md) | | Bloc, Cubit, event-driven state | [Bloc State Management](references/bloc-state.md) | | GoRouter setup, routes, deep linking | [GoRouter Navigation](references/gorouter-navigation.md) | | Feature-based structure, dependencies | [Project Structure](references/project-structure.md) | | Profiling, const optimization, DevTools | [Performance Optimization](references/performance.md) | | Widget tests, integration tests, mocking | [Testing Strategies](references/testing.md) | | iOS/Android/Web specific implementations | [Platform Integration](references/platform-specific.md) | | Implicit/explicit animations, Hero, transitions | [Animations](references/animations.md) | | Dio, interceptors, error handling, caching | [Networking](references/networking.md) | | Form validation, FormField, input formatters | [Forms](references/forms.md) | | i18n, flutter_localizations, intl | [Localization](references/localization.md) | --- Flutter, Dart, Material Design, and Cupertino are trademarks of Google LLC and Apple Inc. respectively. Riverpod, Bloc, and GoRouter are open-source packages by their respective maintainers.