robotframework-appium-skill: Скилл для автоматизации мобильных тестов

--- name: robotframework-appium-skill description: Guide AI agents in creating AppiumLibrary tests for iOS and Android native apps, hybrid apps, and mobile browsers. Load when asked about mobile testing, Appium, or mobile app automation. --- # AppiumLibrary Skill for Robot Framework ## Quick Reference AppiumLibrary enables mobile app testing on iOS and Android using Appium automation. ## Installation ```bash # Install the library pip install robotframework-appiumlibrary # Install Appium server (requires Node.js) npm install -g appium # Install platform drivers appium driver install uiautomator2 # Android appium driver install xcuitest # iOS ``` ## Appium Server Appium server must be running before tests: ```bash appium # Start with defaults appium server # Alternative appium --port 4724 # Custom port ``` Default URL: `http://127.0.0.1:4723` ## Library Import ```robotframework *** Settings *** Library AppiumLibrary ``` ## Android Quick Start ### Open Android App ```robotframework Open Application http://127.0.0.1:4723 ... platformName=Android ... platformVersion=13 ... deviceName=emulator-5554 ... automationName=UiAutomator2 ... app=${CURDIR}/app.apk ``` ### Android Locators (Priority Order) ```robotframework # 1. accessibility_id (RECOMMENDED - stable) Click Element accessibility_id=login_button # 2. id (resource-id) Click Element id=com.example:id/login_button Click Element id=login_button # Short form if unique # 3. xpath Click Element xpath=//android.widget.Button[@text='Login'] # 4. android UIAutomator2 selector Click Element android=new UiSelector().text("Login") # 5. class name Click Element class=android.widget.Button ``` ## iOS Quick Start ### Open iOS App ```robotframework Open Application http://127.0.0.1:4723 ... platformName=iOS ... platformVersion=17.0 ... deviceName=iPhone 15 ... automationName=XCUITest ... app=${CURDIR}/MyApp.app ... udid=auto # For real devices ``` ### iOS Locators (Priority Order) ```robotframework # 1. accessibility_id (RECOMMENDED - stable) Click Element accessibility_id=loginButton # 2. name Click Element name=Login # 3. ios predicate string Click Element ios=type == 'XCUIElementTypeButton' AND name == 'Login' # 4. ios class chain (fast) - NOTE: use chain= prefix for class chains Click Element chain=**/XCUIElementTypeButton[`name == 'Login'`] # 5. xpath Click Element xpath=//XCUIElementTypeButton[@name='Login'] # 6. class name Click Element class=XCUIElementTypeButton ``` ## Essential Keywords ### Element Interaction ```robotframework Click Element locator Click Text visible_text Input Text locator text_to_enter Clear Text locator Tap locator duration=0:00:01 # Long press (replaces removed Long Press) ``` ### Getting Element Content ```robotframework ${text}= Get Text locator ${attr}= Get Element Attribute locator attribute_name ${count}= Get Matching Xpath Count //android.widget.Button ``` ### Waits ```robotframework Wait Until Element Is Visible locator timeout=10s Wait Until Page Contains text timeout=10s Wait Until Page Contains Element locator timeout=10s ``` ### Verification ```robotframework Element Should Be Visible locator Element Should Be Enabled locator Page Should Contain Text expected_text Page Should Contain Element locator Element Text Should Be locator expected_text ``` ### Screenshots ```robotframework Capture Page Screenshot filename.png Capture Page Screenshot ${OUTPUT_DIR}/screenshots/screen.png ``` ## Get Page Source (View Hierarchy) Useful for finding locators and debugging: ```robotframework ${source}= Get Source Log ${source} ``` ## Basic Gestures ```robotframework # Scroll (locator is the element to scroll to/within) Scroll Down locator Scroll Up locator # Swipe (start_x, start_y, end_x, end_y, duration as timedelta) Swipe start_x=500 start_y=1500 end_x=500 end_y=500 duration=0:00:01 # Swipe up # Long press (use Tap with duration; Long Press was removed in v3.2.0) Tap locator duration=0:00:02 # Tap at coordinates Tap With Positions 500 800 ``` ## Android Scroll to Element (UIAutomator2) ```robotframework # Automatically scrolls to find element! Click Element android=new UiScrollable(new UiSelector().scrollable(true)).scrollIntoView(new UiSelector().text("Settings")) ``` ## Context Switching (Hybrid Apps) ```robotframework # Check current context ${context}= Get Current Context Log Current: ${context} # List all contexts @{contexts}= Get Contexts Log Many @{contexts} # Switch to webview Switch To Context WEBVIEW_com.example.app # Switch back to native Switch To Context NATIVE_APP ``` ## Mobile Browser Testing ### Android Chrome ```robotframework Open Application http://127.0.0.1:4723 ... platformName=Android ... deviceName=emulator-5554 ... automationName=UiAutomator2 ... browserName=Chrome Go To Url https://example.com Input Text id=username admin Click Element css=button[type='submit'] ``` ### iOS Safari ```robotframework Open Application http://127.0.0.1:4723 ... platformName=iOS ... deviceName=iPhone 15 ... automationName=XCUITest ... browserName=Safari Go To Url https://example.com ``` ## Session Management ```robotframework # Close app and end session Close Application # Background/foreground Background Application 5 # Background for 5 seconds # NOTE: Quit Application was removed in v3.0.0 - use Close Application instead # NOTE: Reset Application was removed in v3.2.0 - use Close Application + Open Application instead ``` ## W3C Capabilities Format (Appium 2.x) Appium 2.x uses W3C capabilities with the `appium:` vendor prefix for non-standard capabilities: ```robotframework Open Application http://127.0.0.1:4723 ... platformName=Android ... appium:automationName=UiAutomator2 ... appium:app=/path/to/app.apk ... appium:deviceName=emulator-5554 ... appium:autoGrantPermissions=true ``` Only `platformName` is standard W3C. All other Appium-specific capabilities need the `appium:` prefix. AppiumLibrary will typically add the prefix automatically, but explicitly using it is recommended for clarity. ## Cloud Testing (BrowserStack / Sauce Labs) ### BrowserStack ```robotframework Open Application http://hub-cloud.browserstack.com/wd/hub ... platformName=Android ... appium:deviceName=Google Pixel 7 ... appium:platformVersion=13.0 ... appium:app=bs://your_app_hash ... bstack:options={"userName": "${BS_USERNAME}", "accessKey": "${BS_ACCESS_KEY}"} ``` ### Sauce Labs ```robotframework Open Application https://ondemand.us-west-1.saucelabs.com:443/wd/hub ... platformName=iOS ... appium:deviceName=iPhone 14 ... appium:platformVersion=16 ... appium:app=storage:filename=MyApp.ipa ... sauce:options={"username": "${SAUCE_USERNAME}", "accessKey": "${SAUCE_ACCESS_KEY}"} ``` ## Removed Keywords and Alternatives Several keywords were removed in AppiumLibrary v3.x: | Removed Keyword | Version Removed | Alternative | |-----------------|-----------------|-------------| | `Long Press` | v3.2.0 | `Tap locator duration=0:00:01` | | `Click A Point` | v3.0.0 | `Tap With Positions x y` | | `Zoom` | v3.2.0 | Use W3C Actions via Execute Script | | `Pinch` | v3.0.0 | Use W3C Actions via Execute Script | | `Reset Application` | v3.2.0 | `Close Application` then `Open Application` | | `Quit Application` | v3.0.0 | `Close Application` | | `Background App` | v3.0.0 | `Background Application` | | `Get Window Size` | N/A | `Get Window Width` / `Get Window Height` | ### W3C Actions for Zoom/Pinch Zoom and Pinch gestures require W3C Actions in AppiumLibrary v3.x. These can be performed using multi-touch sequences via the Appium driver directly if needed: ```robotframework # Example: Use Execute Script to perform pinch/zoom via driver Execute Script mobile: pinchOpen {"elementId": "${element_id}", "percent": 0.75} ``` ## When to Load Additional References Reference files for deeper guidance (planned): <!-- Note: Reference files listed below are planned for future addition --> | Need | Reference File | |------|----------------| | Android locator strategies | `references/locators-android.md` | | iOS locator strategies | `references/locators-ios.md` | | Device capabilities setup | `references/device-capabilities.md` | | Gestures and scrolling | `references/gestures-touch.md` | | iOS-specific features | `references/ios-specific.md` | | Android-specific features | `references/android-specific.md` | | Complete keyword list | `references/keywords-reference.md` | | Common issues and solutions | `references/troubleshooting.md` |