react-admin: Скилл для разработки и отладки админок

--- name: react-admin description: This skill should be used when building, modifying, or debugging a react-admin application — including creating resources, lists, forms, data fetching, authentication, relationships between entities, custom pages, or any CRUD admin interface built with react-admin. --- # React-Admin Development Guide React-admin is a framework for building single-page applications on top of REST/GraphQL APIs. It builds on top of React Query, react-hook-form, react-router, and Material UI. It provides 150+ components and dozens of hooks. Before writing custom code, always check if react-admin already provides a component or hook for the task. Full documentation: https://marmelab.com/react-admin/doc/ ## Providers (Backend Abstraction) React-admin never calls APIs directly. All communication goes through **providers** — adapters that translate react-admin's standardized calls into API-specific requests. The three main providers are: - **dataProvider**: All CRUD operations (`getList`, `getOne`, `create`, `update`, `delete`, `getMany`, `getManyReference`, `updateMany`, `deleteMany`). See [DataProviders](https://marmelab.com/react-admin/DataProviders.html) and [50+ existing adapters](https://marmelab.com/react-admin/DataProviderList.html). - **authProvider**: Authentication and authorization. See [Authentication](https://marmelab.com/react-admin/Authentication.html). - **i18nProvider**: Translations (`translate`, `changeLocale`, `getLocale`). **Critical rule**: Never use `fetch`, `axios`, or direct HTTP calls in components. Always use data provider hooks. This ensures proper caching, loading states, error handling, authentication, and optimistic rendering. ## Composition (Not God Components) React-admin uses composition over configuration. Override behavior by passing child components, not by setting dozens of props: ```jsx <Edit actions={<MyCustomActions />}> <SimpleForm> <TextInput source="title" /> </SimpleForm> </Edit> ``` To customize the layout, pass a custom layout component to `<Admin layout={MyLayout}>`. To customize the menu, pass it to `<Layout menu={MyMenu}>`. This chaining is by design — see [Architecture](https://marmelab.com/react-admin/Architecture.html). ## Context: Pull, Don't Push React-admin components expose data to descendants via React contexts. Access data using hooks rather than passing props down: - `useRecordContext()` — current record in Show/Edit/Create views. See [useRecordContext](https://marmelab.com/react-admin/useRecordContext.html). - `useListContext()` — list data, filters, pagination, sort in List views. See [useListContext](https://marmelab.com/react-admin/useListContext.html). - `useShowContext()`, `useEditContext()`, `useCreateContext()` — page-level state for detail views. - `useTranslate()` — translation function from i18nProvider. - `useGetIdentity()` — current user from authProvider. ## Hooks Over Custom Components When a react-admin component's UI doesn't fit, use the underlying hook instead of building from scratch. Controller hooks (named `use*Controller`) provide all the logic without the UI: - `useListController()` — list fetching, filtering, pagination logic - `useEditController()` — edit form fetching and submission logic - `useShowController()` — show page data fetching logic ## Routing `<Resource>` declares CRUD routes automatically (`/posts`, `/posts/create`, `/posts/:id/edit`, `/posts/:id/show`). Use `<CustomRoutes>` for non-CRUD pages. Use `useCreatePath()` to build resource URLs and `<Link>` from react-admin for navigation. Default router is react-router (HashRouter), but TanStack Router is also supported via `routerProvider`. See [Routing](https://marmelab.com/react-admin/Routing.html). ## Data Fetching ### Query Hooks (Reading Data) ```jsx const { data, total, isPending, error } = useGetList('posts', { pagination: { page: 1, perPage: 25 }, sort: { field: 'created_at', order: 'DESC' }, filter: { status: 'published' }, }); const { data: record, isPending } = useGetOne('posts', { id: 123 }); const { data: records } = useGetMany('posts', { ids: [1, 2, 3] }); const { data, total } = useGetManyReference('comments', { target: 'post_id', id: 123, pagination: { page: 1, perPage: 25 }, }); ``` See [useGetList](https://marmelab.com/react-admin/useGetList.html), [useGetOne](https://marmelab.com/react-admin/useGetOne.html). ### Mutation Hooks (Writing Data) All mutations return `[mutate, state]`. They support three **mutation modes**: - **pessimistic** (default): Wait for server response, then update UI. - **optimistic**: Update UI immediately, revert on server error. - **undoable**: Update UI, show undo notification, commit after delay. ```jsx const [create, { isPending }] = useCreate(); const [update] = useUpdate(); const [deleteOne] = useDelete(); // Call with resource and params create('posts', { data: { title: 'Hello' } }); update('posts', { id: 1, data: { title: 'Updated' }, previousData: record }); deleteOne('posts', { id: 1, previousData: record }); ``` Pass `mutationMode: 'optimistic'` or `'undoable'` for instant UI feedback. See [useCreate](https://marmelab.com/react-admin/useCreate.html), [useUpdate](https://marmelab.com/react-admin/useUpdate.html). ## Authentication & Authorization ```typescript const authProvider = { login: ({ username, password }) => Promise<void>, logout: () => Promise<void>, checkAuth: () => Promise<void>, // Verify credentials are valid checkError: (error) => Promise<void>, // Detect auth errors from API responses getIdentity: () => Promise<{ id, fullName, avatar }>, getPermissions: () => Promise<any>, canAccess: ({ resource, action, record }) => Promise<boolean>, // RBAC }; ``` Each auth provider method has a corresponding hook (e.g. `useGetIdentity()`, `useCanAccess()`). - **Custom routes are public by default.** Wrap them with `<Authenticated>` or call `useAuthenticated()` to require login. See [Authenticated](https://marmelab.com/react-admin/Authenticated.html). - Centralize authorization in `authProvider.canAccess()`, not in individual components. Use `useCanAccess()` to check permissions. See [useCanAccess](https://marmelab.com/react-admin/useCanAccess.html) and [AuthRBAC](https://marmelab.com/react-admin/AuthRBAC.html). - The dataProvider must include credentials (Bearer token, cookies) in requests — authProvider handles login, but dataProvider handles API calls. Configure `httpClient` in data provider setup. ## Relationships Between Entities Fetching all the data (including relationships) upfront for a given page is an anti-pattern. Instead, fetch related records on demand using reference fields and inputs. ### Displaying Related Records (Fields) ```jsx {/* Show a the company of the current record based on its company_id */} <ReferenceField source="company_id" reference="companies" /> {/* Show a list of related records (reverse FK) */} <ReferenceManyField reference="comments" target="post_id"> <DataTable> <TextField source="body" /> <DateField source="created_at" /> </DataTable> </ReferenceManyField> {/* Show multiple referenced records (array of IDs) */} <ReferenceArrayField source="tag_ids" reference="tags"> <SingleFieldList> <ChipField source="name" /> </SingleFieldList> </ReferenceArrayField> ``` See [ReferenceField](https://marmelab.com/react-admin/ReferenceField.html), [ReferenceManyField](https://marmelab.com/react-admin/ReferenceManyField.html), [ReferenceArrayField](https://marmelab.com/react-admin/ReferenceArrayField.html). ### Editing Related Records (Inputs) ```jsx {/* Select from another resource (FK) */} <ReferenceInput source="company_id" reference="companies" /> {/* Multi-select from another resource (array of IDs) */} <ReferenceArrayInput source="tag_ids" reference="tags" /> ``` See [ReferenceInput](https://marmelab.com/react-admin/ReferenceInput.html), [ReferenceArrayInput](https://marmelab.com/react-admin/ReferenceArrayInput.html). ## Forms React-admin forms are built on react-hook-form. Use `<SimpleForm>` for single-column layouts and `<TabbedForm>` for multi-tab layouts. See [SimpleForm](https://marmelab.com/react-admin/SimpleForm.html), [TabbedForm](https://marmelab.com/react-admin/TabbedForm.html). Pass validators to input components: `required()`, `minLength(min)`, `maxLength(max)`, `minValue(min)`, `maxValue(max)`, `number()`, `email()`, `regex(pattern, message)`, or a custom function returning an error string. ```jsx <TextInput source="title" validate={[required(), minLength(3)]} /> ``` Use RHF's `useWatch()` to create dynamic forms that react to field values: ## Resource Definition Encapsulate resource components in index files for clean imports: ```jsx // posts/index.ts export default { list: PostList, create: PostCreate, edit: PostEdit, icon: PostIcon, recordRepresentation: (record) => record.title, // How records appear in references }; ``` See [Resource](https://marmelab.com/react-admin/Resource.html), [RecordRepresentation](https://marmelab.com/react-admin/RecordRepresentation.html). ## Custom Data Provider Methods Extend the dataProvider with domain-specific methods: ```jsx const dataProvider = { ...baseDataProvider, archivePost: async (id) => { /* custom logic */ }, }; // Call via useDataProvider and useQuery: // const dp = useDataProvider(); // const { data } = useQuery(['archivePost', id], () => dp.archivePost(id)); ``` ## Persistent Client State (Store) Use `useStore()` for persistent user preferences (theme, column visibility, saved filters): ```jsx const [theme, setTheme] = useStore('theme', 'light'); ``` See [Store](https://marmelab.com/react-admin/Store.html). ## Notification, Redirect, Refresh ```jsx const notify = useNotify(); const redirect = useRedirect(); const refresh = useRefresh(); notify('Record saved', { type: 'success' }); redirect('list', 'posts'); // Navigate to /posts redirect('edit', 'posts', 123); // Navigate to /posts/123 refresh(); // Invalidate all queries ``` ## Deprecations - Use DataTable instead of Datagrid - Prefer `<CanAccess>` and `useCanAccess` for authorization checks