unity-quickstart — Интеграция Ethereum в проекты Unity

--- name: unity-quickstart description: Integrate Ethereum into Unity games using Nethereum with async Web3 API, WebGL wallet support via EIP-6963 multi-wallet discovery and MetaMask (.NET/C#). Use this skill when the user asks about Unity blockchain integration, Unity WebGL wallets, Unity MetaMask, Unity Ethereum, Nethereum.Unity, game blockchain, NFT games, or Unity ERC-20 tokens. user-invocable: true --- # Unity Integration Integrate Ethereum into Unity games. Nethereum provides Unity-compatible libraries with the async `Web3` API (preferred) and coroutine wrappers, WebGL wallet connectivity (EIP-6963 multi-wallet, MetaMask), and typed contract services. ## When to Use This Skill - Building a Unity game that reads or writes blockchain data - Connecting browser wallets in Unity WebGL builds - Deploying or interacting with smart contracts from Unity - Querying ERC-20/ERC-721 token balances in a game ## Installation Add to `Packages/manifest.json`: ```json { "scopedRegistries": [ { "name": "package.openupm.com", "url": "https://package.openupm.com", "scopes": ["com.nethereum.unity"] } ], "dependencies": { "com.nethereum.unity": "5.0.0", "com.unity.nuget.newtonsoft-json": "3.2.1" } } ``` **Important notes:** - WebGL + async/await requires [WebGLThreadingPatcher](https://github.com/nicloay/WebGLThreadingPatcher) package - For IL2CPP builds: set **IL2CPP Code Generation** to **Faster (smaller) builds** in Player Settings ## Query Block Number (Async — Preferred) ```csharp using UnityEngine; using Nethereum.Web3; using Nethereum.Unity.Rpc; using System; public class GetBlockNumber : MonoBehaviour { public string Url = "https://ethereum-rpc.publicnode.com"; async void Start() { var web3 = new Web3(new UnityWebRequestRpcTaskClient(new Uri(Url))); var blockNumber = await web3.Eth.Blocks.GetBlockNumber.SendRequestAsync(); Debug.Log($"Block: {blockNumber.Value}"); } } ``` `UnityWebRequestRpcTaskClient` uses Unity's `UnityWebRequest` for HTTP — required for WebGL builds. ## Send ETH (Desktop/Mobile) ```csharp using Nethereum.Web3; using Nethereum.Web3.Accounts; var account = new Account("0xYOUR_PRIVATE_KEY", chainId: 31337); var web3 = new Web3(account, "http://localhost:8545"); var receipt = await web3.Eth.GetEtherTransferService() .TransferEtherAndWaitForReceiptAsync("0xRecipient", 0.1m); Debug.Log($"TX: {receipt.TransactionHash}"); ``` ## WebGL: EIP-6963 Multi-Wallet Discovery (Recommended) EIP-6963 discovers all installed browser wallets — MetaMask, Rainbow, Coinbase, etc.: ```csharp using Nethereum.Unity.EIP6963; using Nethereum.EIP6963WalletInterop; var walletProvider = EIP6963WebglHostProvider.CreateOrGetCurrentInstance(); // Discover all installed wallets var wallets = await walletProvider.GetAvailableWalletsAsync(); foreach (var wallet in wallets) Debug.Log($"Found: {wallet.Name} ({wallet.Rdns})"); // Select and connect if (wallets.Length > 0) { await walletProvider.SelectWalletAsync(wallets[0].Uuid); var account = await walletProvider.EnableProviderAsync(); Debug.Log($"Connected: {account}"); // Get Web3 — wallet handles signing var web3 = await walletProvider.GetWeb3Async(); var balance = await web3.Eth.GetBalance.SendRequestAsync(walletProvider.SelectedAccount); Debug.Log($"Balance: {Web3.Convert.FromWei(balance.Value)} ETH"); } ``` ### Listen to Account/Network Changes Events use `Func<T, Task>` delegates — handlers must return `Task`: ```csharp walletProvider.SelectedAccountChanged += async (newAccount) => { Debug.Log($"Account switched: {newAccount}"); return; // implicit Task.CompletedTask }; walletProvider.NetworkChanged += async (newChainId) => { Debug.Log($"Network switched: {newChainId}"); return; }; ``` ## WebGL: MetaMask Direct (Fallback) ```csharp using Nethereum.Unity.Metamask; var metamask = MetamaskWebglHostProvider.CreateOrGetCurrentInstance(); await metamask.EnableProviderAsync(); var web3 = await metamask.GetWeb3Async(); var receipt = await web3.Eth.GetEtherTransferService() .TransferEtherAndWaitForReceiptAsync("0xRecipient", 0.1m); ``` ## ERC-20 Token Interaction Use built-in typed services — no ABI or code generation needed: ```csharp var erc20 = web3.Eth.ERC20.GetContractService(tokenAddress); var name = await erc20.NameQueryAsync(); var symbol = await erc20.SymbolQueryAsync(); var decimals = await erc20.DecimalsQueryAsync(); var balance = await erc20.BalanceOfQueryAsync(ownerAddress); Debug.Log($"{name} ({symbol}): {Web3.Convert.FromWei(balance, decimals)}"); ``` Similarly, `web3.Eth.ERC721` and `web3.Eth.ERC1155` provide typed access to NFT and multi-token contracts. ## Cross-Platform Architecture Use conditional compilation to handle WebGL vs desktop: ```csharp private async Task<IWeb3> GetWeb3Async() { #if UNITY_WEBGL var walletProvider = EIP6963WebglHostProvider.CreateOrGetCurrentInstance(); await walletProvider.EnableProviderAsync(); return await walletProvider.GetWeb3Async(); #else var account = new Account(privateKey, chainId); return new Web3(account, url); #endif } ``` Once you have `IWeb3`, all `web3.Eth.*` calls work identically regardless of platform. ## Code Generation (Shared Projects) Generate typed C# contract services from Solidity ABI: ```bash dotnet tool install -g Nethereum.Generator.Console Nethereum.Generator.Console generate from-abi -abi ./out/MyToken.abi -bin ./out/MyToken.bin -o ./SharedContracts -ns MyGame.Contracts -cn MyToken ``` Share the generated code between Unity and .NET test projects using a `netstandard2.0` project with `package.json` + `.asmdef` files. Reference from Unity via `file:` dependency in `manifest.json`. ## Platform Support | Platform | Signing | Wallet Connection | |----------|---------|-------------------| | WebGL | Browser wallet (EIP-6963, MetaMask) | EIP-6963 or MetaMask interop | | Windows/macOS/Linux | Private key | RPC endpoint | | iOS/Android | Private key | RPC endpoint | ## Resources - [Unity3d Sample Template](https://github.com/Nethereum/Unity3dSampleTemplate) — complete starter project - [WebGLThreadingPatcher](https://github.com/nicloay/WebGLThreadingPatcher) — async/await for WebGL For full documentation, see: https://docs.nethereum.com/docs/unity/overview